Knowledge is power essay

BDV  is Breakdown voltage value of insulating oil of the transformer. It refers to the dielectric strength of transformer oil. Transformer oil act as an insulating medium and also as a coolant that dissipates heat of the transformer. Now after a long-term operation transformer oil loses its properties slightly and a dip in dielectric strength is observed due to impurities or moisture in the oil. We have BDV tester kits to test the  Breakdown Voltage  of the transformer oil. BDV test kit Oil collected from the main tank is filled in the chamber and is placed inside the tester kit. The two electrodes you see are seperated by 2.5mm. Now high voltage at a rate of 2KV/s is applied between the electrodes and observes the voltage applied when sparks occur between the electrodes. The test is repeated minimum three times and the values are recorded. It gives the value of voltage at which the oil loses its dielectric property. A BDV rating around 30KV is considered good. If lower v...

Minimum Electrical Clearance As Per BS:162. INDOOR Voltage in KV Phase to earth in mm Phase to phase in mm 0.415 15.8 19.05 0.600 19.05 19.05 3.3 50.8 50.8 6.6 63.5 88.9 11 76.2 127.0 15 101.6 165.1 22 139.7 241.3 33 222.25 355.6 Minimum Electrical Clearance As Per BS:162. OUTDOOR Voltage in KV Phase to earth in mm Phase to phase in mm 6.6 139.7 177.8 11 177.8 228.6 22 279.4 330.2 33 381 431.8 66 685.8 787.4 110 863.6 990.6 132 1066.8 1219.2 220 1778 2057.4   Minimum Working Clearance: OUTDOOR SWITCHYARD Voltage in KV To ground in mm Between section(mm) 11 2750 2500 33 3700 2800 66 4000 3000 132 4600 3500 220 5500 4500   Minimum Ground Clearance As Per IE-1956(Rule 77) Voltage in KV To ground in mtr 132 6.10 220 7.00 400 8.84 800 12.40     Minimum Clearance between Lines Crossing Each Other (IE-1957) System Voltage 132KV 220KV 400KV 800KV Low & Medium 3.05 4.58 5.49 7.94 11-66KV 3.05 4.58 5.49 7.94 132KV 3.05 4.58 5.49 7.94 220KV 4.58 4.58 5.49 7.94 400KV 5.49 5....

AVS Raju was born on 18 April 1937 and hails from a family that has been in the construction for over three generations. He left his village Antervedipalem in  East Godavari District ,  Andhra Pradesh , India, after matriculation at the age of 18 years to make his career in  Hyderabad  and started contributing his share in developing the state in the areas of Industry, Infrastructure, Agriculture and Power. For the last 45 years of his career, he has contributed in promoting many industries around Hyderabad and various parts of Andhra Pradesh while spreading the Construction activity in the country. He was the Secretary and Treasurer of Sri Nagarjuna Cooperative Housing Society Limited in 1975 and presently is its President. He was one of the promoters of M/s Nagarjuna Steels Ltd., during 1975-76, the first company of the present popular Nagarjuna group of Companies in Hyderabad. He was also one of the promoters of Deccan Cements Ltd., during 1983-84 which was the fi...

Chairman, Vijai Electricals Ltd In 1973, Dasari Jai Ramesh, an engineering graduate, started Vijai Electricals to manufacture transformers, with a bank loan of Rs1.36 lakh and 10 employees. Now, it is India’s largest maker of transformers, with a turnover of Rs1,400 crore in 2006 and customers across 20 countries. Vijai Electricals has executed electrification projects in more than 7,600 villages across India, including Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal and Karnataka. It has been working to produce energy-efficient equipment and is involved in upgrading distribution systems to minimize transmission losses. Vijai Electricals has invested around Rs500 crore, and will be putting in more than  ₹  100-150 crore this year to expand its product range. “We plan to join the $1 billion club in the next three years," says Ramesh. Ramesh hails from a middle-class family in Andhra Pradesh’s Krishna district. “I know how powerless villagers are because of a lack of resources," he says. “I ...

TECHNICAL PARTICULARS FOR 8 MTR /200 Kg. P.S.C POLE  As per REC Specification No. 24/ 1983 (Revised - 1987) Sl.No PARAMETERS.  UNIT  8.00 Mtr,200 Kg.  REMARKS 1 Overall length of the Pole. M  8   2 Working Load.  Kg.  200   3 Bottom Depth.  mm 290   4  Top Depth.  mm  145   5  Bredth.  mm  90   6  Depth of planting.  M  1.5   7 Factor of Safety. - 2.5   8 No. of Tensioned wire.  No. 12   9  No. of Un-tensioned wire.   No. 2   10  Diameter of Pre-stressing wire.  mm 4   11 Ultimate strength of Prestressing steel. Kg/mm2 17500   12 Length of the Tensioned wire.  ...

Introduction of Efficiency of Transformer Transformers form the most important link between supply systems and load. Transformer’s efficiency directly affects its performance and aging. The transformer’s efficiency, in general, is in the range of 95 – 99 %. For large power transformers with very low losses, the efficiency can be as high as 99.7%. The input and output measurements of a transformer are not done under loaded conditions as the wattmeter readings inevitably suffer errors of 1 – 2%. So for the purpose of efficiency calculations, OC and SC tests are used to calculate rated core and winding losses in the transformer. The core losses depend on the transformer rated voltage, and the copper losses depend on the currents through the transformer primary and secondary windings. Hence transformer efficiency is of prime importance to operate it under constant voltage and frequency conditions. The rise in the temperature of the transformer due to heat generated affects the life of ...

Canon will have a major mirrorless RF announcement  in a few days and it seems that Nikon is also planning a big announcement at the end of July ( July 21st? ). I am still not sure exactly what products will be announced later this month. The most likely scenario will be the  Nikon Z5  with  one, two, or three Z lenses . If the  Z6s and Z7s cameras  are announced, it will only be a development release. Here is an updated list of expected/rumored Nikon Z mirrorless cameras and lenses: New Nikkor Z lenses (new info added) Previously reported here Nikkor Z 24-50mm f/4-6.3 : this will probably be the new kit lens for the upcoming Nikon Z5 camera - it will be a small, light, compact (almost like a pancake), cheap plastic lens with a collapsible design similar to the  Nikkor Z DX 16-50mm . The new lens may even have a plastic bayonet (not sure). Nikkor Z 50mm f/1.2 S lens : a massive, solid lens with a lot of glass elements inside - similar in size to t...